Strategies for sustainable palladium catalysis

Palladium is established both as an indispensable metal in modern synthetic chemistry and a key component catalytic converters electronic equipment. The unrelenting demand for this increases the financial environmental cost, through mining, of metal, rendering consumption unsustainable its current form. This review provides critical survey main approaches being pursued to address issue, including low-loading catalysis, recyclable catalysts use palladium recovered from secondary sources. literature discussed herein reveals that operate at low loadings are attractive, sustainable option many transformations, even when compared catalyst systems can be reused multiple times. Both reusable depend on finite natural supply palladium, making development based end-of-life materials (urban mining) promising field research. way which achieved different designs influences choice reaction temperature solvent, has additional implications. Such factors wide range alongside substrate scope, supported by extensive supplementary information. aims provide insight into relative merits explored how palladium-based catalysis might progress towards more metal.